The mechanism of head - neck injury caused by bullet - proof helmet in non-penetrating condition is not clear. Therefore, the dynamic response of human head and cervical vertebra under the protection of bullet-proof helmet and the influence of related parameters on its injury are deeply understood. Methods A finite element model and a bullet-proof helmet model with accurate head-neck anatomical structure and mechanical properties were established and verified, and the biomechanical response of the human head and cervical vertebra was obtained by loading bullets at 450 m/s and impacting the bullet-proof helmet from different directions. Results The maximum Von Mises stress value of frontal impact was 28.31 MPa, followed by top impact was 27.76 MPa, and the minimum of side impact was 17.76 MPa. Von Mises of cervical vertebra under frontal impact.
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