The characteristics in China refractory material casting operation process are as below:

1. There are intense heat exchange process and chemical reaction process between molten liquid and casting mold while in casting process. As the temperature of molten liquid is high, which forms a big difference in temperature with casting mold, so in casting process, molten liquid is continuous cooling and temperature decreases, however, the casting mold is heated, composition of casting material decomposes and gasifies, and casting mold has some chemical reactions with molten liquid, all of which increase the cavity pressure that is unfavorable to the filling type.

2. It is an unstable process for molten liquid casting process, such as the imparity of pouring stream and flowing quantity which will form the defects of bulging, cold shutting, and shell nuzzling in casting mouth.

3. Filling sand process of molten liquid is similar to filling a porous container, because mold wall has a certain permeability, if the pressure in the cavity is lower than the air pressure inside the sidewall of mold, the molten liquid will indraw air outside which will form pores, or, molten liquid will be pressed into pore wall of mold which result in serious attached sand.

Chemical bonded sand is not produced on surface of fused cast series block, fused cast molten liquid is contacted with sand mold with rapid cooling and solid, a thin layer of sodium silicate or silica sand is produced on surface of sand mold which does not react with fused cast azs block.

The most suitable amount of water glass is confirmed by experiment is 5.7%, if less will reduce sand refractoriness, more can not form.

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