Researchers from the University of Utah in the US, say they have developed a safe and novel treatment for autoimmune diseases such as type1 Diabetes and multiple sclerosis(MS). That comes to light when the immune cells attack itself in the body.
Present treatment ways eliminate these negative functioning immune cells.and also destroy protective and normal immune cells. Leaving patients vulnerable to immune deficiency and from infections which are opportunistic.
Researchers have developed an approach that targets the misfunctioning immune cells while leaving normal immune cells in place.
Mingnan Chen is an assistant professor at the University of Utah. He said “we are really taking treatment for the autoimmune disease in a new direction” and also said “This is the first time anyone has looked at the programmed cell death protein (PD-1) cells as a target to develop therapeutics for autoimmune disease,”
The research published in the journal nature biomedical engineering, the treatment trailed in a mouse model that mimics type1 diabetes.
The researcher found the treatment delayed the diabetes onset in 29 weeks old mice compared to 19 weeks old for control treated mice.
It is also applied to a mouse multiple sclerosis model. six mice in this model halt the progression of paralysis.these mice regained the ability to walk.
after treatment, 25 days researcher’s monitored the mice and found paralysis did not come.
In a general functioning immune system, the PD-1 expressing cells including immune cells (B and T lymphocytes), contain mechanisms that prevent the cycle of attacking itself. So these mechanisms work like a checkpoint.
People who have the autoimmune disease, these cells, somehow, cross the checkpoint and the immune system remains in a state of alert, attacking body cells.
peng Chao is a former graduate student in Chen's lab he said “We wanted to target PD-1-expressing cells. Using this method, we may avoid long-term immune deficiency caused by common treatments for autoimmune disease,”
The researchers manipulated a protein molecule to exhaust the misfunctioning PD-1-expressing cells from the body.
These molecules include three parts: an anti-PD-
1 antibody fragment (PD-1),
2. a toxin (Pseudomonas exotoxin)
3. a binder (albumin-binding domain).
The neutralizer part acts like a key that connects and accessing the PD-1-expressing cells. The protein toxin kills the cell.
The binder enables the exhaust molecule to circulate for a more extended time in the body.
Chen and his group built up a treatment that thumps down unhealthy immune cells to kill the overactive immune response.
They tested the immune system of the mice in the investigation to decide if the treatment negatively affected the healthy immune system.
The researchers found the mice in each model mounted an ordinary immune response.
The exploratory therapeutics designed by the researchers thus far is explicit to mice. They are as of now developing therapeutics appropriate to humans.
"To make similar therapeutics for humans, we would need to find the anti-human PD-1 antibody, similar to the anti-mouse PD-1 antibody," Chen said.
"On the off chance that we can produce the human version of therapeutics, I figure we could make a gigantic effect in treating autoimmune disease," he said.

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